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- $Unique_ID{BRK00276}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{What is the Best First Aid for Snake Bites?}
- $Subject{snake bite bites Accidents accident Poisoning poisonings nonpoisonous
- wound antitetanus injection poisonous venomous antivenins venom coral snakes
- suction pump anaphylaxis}
- $Volume{O-20}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- What is the Best First Aid for Snake Bites?
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- QUESTION: With a camping trip coming up, and having read an article or two, I
- thought this question was appropriate for your column. What is the best first
- aid for snake bites?
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-
- ANSWER: It certainly is appropriate, for I have received more than one letter
- asking a similar question. And I've answered it before, only to find dozens
- of new letters with differing opinions, ideas and techniques. Obviously
- there's more than one way to handle the situation but here are my thoughts.
- The first thing you should do when someone is bitten by a snake is to
- remove or loosen any tight clothing the victim is wearing, calming the patient
- and making him comfortable. The next major step, if possible, is to determine
- what type of snake made the bite. If you're certain the snake is
- nonpoisonous, cleansing the wound carefully, and an antitetanus injection
- when available, should be sufficient treatment. However, if the snake is
- poisonous or can't be positively identified, the best thing to do is to
- immobilize the affected area and rush the victim to the nearest medical
- facility. If the bite is on an arm or leg, try to keep the extremity below
- the level of the heart during transport. Time is critical when dealing with
- venomous snakes, and since different bites require different antivenins for
- treatment, it is very important to seek professional assistance as quickly as
- possible.
- In the past, making an incision in the wound and sucking out the venom
- was the advised treatment, but an unskilled person may do more harm than good
- when he starts slicing at the wound with a knife. Therefore, incision
- techniques are not advised unless medical care is not going to be readily
- available. In such cases, the incision should be made across the fang marks,
- extending only slightly beyond them, and penetrating only through the skin
- surface. The incision must be made within fifteen minutes to be effective.
- Since this technique is useless with coral snake bites, I feel it is important
- to stress the need for identifying the type of snake that inflicted the bite.
- The key to treatment and what techniques to use depend on it.
- Today, first aid treatment includes the use of a suction pump that
- creates an atmosphere of negative pressure on a bite wound. No incisions are
- required, and though it comes with a compression band, the suction can be
- effective without it. For the best results, the suction should be used within
- minutes of the bite, and its effectiveness is sometimes increased by making
- small puncture incisions in the fang wounds prior to extraction.
- Pouring alcohol on a snake bite is useless because its vasodilating
- properties can actually cause more harm than good. Ice packs, once believed
- to reduce venom potency, are no longer advised either. They can actually
- cause local tissue destruction. Carrying antivenin is sometimes advised, but
- knowing what type to use and when is important, and there is always a risk of
- anaphylaxis (severe allergic shock).
- Because of the risks and the need for different treatment, the best
- advice concerns preventive measures. If you are going on a camping trip,
- familiarize yourself with snakes indigenous to the area. Wear boots or
- leggings that fangs can't penetrate. Shake out sleeping bags, bedding, and
- footwear before using them, and use caution around sheds and outhouses where
- snakes are likely to be. And, as most experts agree, would-be rescuers can
- best be of help by getting the victim immediate medical help.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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